SPORTS PARTICIPATIONCONTROLLING DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENTS

Each individual have sufficient energy remain after performing daily task, particularly the youth have more ample energy. This energy needs to be utilizing in some sort of activity. If the energy is utilized in constructive manner, it will not only beneficial for the individual but also for society as well. On the other hand, if not properly used the individual will engaged in destructive activities, which will not only harm the individual but also injurious for the whole society. Humans play when they have excess energy (Surplus energy theory of Play, Spencer Herbert, 1873). It is generally observed that the non-working, particularly the adolescents have problems to utilize their ample energy in a constructive manner. Consequently the youth, who are considered as nation builders indulge the evil society. On the other hand an organized program of sports not only gives pleasure and amusement to its participants, but also prevents individuals from unsocial practices. This thought paved the researcher intends to work upon the role of sports activities in eradication of social immoralities. Keeping in view the current scenario the researcher intends to explore and evaluate the role of sports participation in controlling delinquent behavior among the college students. For the purpose few objectives were formulated for the study, i.e., to examine the involvement of athletes and non-athletes in delinquent behavior at college level, and to examine the mean difference in terms of demographic attributes between respondents regarding their involvement in delinquent behavior. Furthermore, few hypotheses were formulated for the study in hand, i.e. Athlete’s involvements in aggressive delinquency (Verbal Abusing, Teasing, Threatening and insulting) will be found a lesser amount than non-athletes, athlete’s involvements in violent delinquency (Carrying Weapon, Group Fighting, punching and destruction of property) will be found less than non-athletes, and athlete’s involvements in drugs adduction (Smoking, Alcohol, cocaine, tobacco, and snuff) will be found a smaller amount than non-athletes. A Likert Type Questionnaire was used to collect the data from sample. Samples of 720 college students were conveniently selected from different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. It was concluded that sports and other recreational activities are considered as quite capable of bringing positive change in polishing and molding the individual behavior. The social delinquency like aggressive behavior, verbal abusing, teasing, threatening and insulting can be very effectively controlled through enhancement in sports participation among the youth. The study reveals that those who participate in sports avoid involvement in aggressive behavior as compared to those who do not take part in sports activities

A Quantum Key Distribution Network Through Single Mode Optical Fiber

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks. Now there is a strong need of research to exploit this technology in the existing communication networks. In this paper we have presented various experimental results pertaining to QKD like Raw key rate and Quantum bit error rate (QBER). We found these results over 25 km single mode optical fiber. The experimental setup implemented the enhanced version of BB84 QKD protocol. Based upon the results obtained, we have presented a network design which can be implemented for the realization of large scale QKD networks. Furthermore, several new ideas are presented and discussed to integrate the QKD technique in the classical communication networks.Comment: This paper has been submitted to the 2006 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS 2006)May 14-17, 2006, Las Vegas, Nevada, US

INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL RESTRICTIONS UPON SPORTS PARTICIPATION

The main focus of the study is to examine the effect of religious and cultural restrictions upon sports participation among the secondary schools in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. In this particular study, the formulated research hypotheses were tested by using different appropriate statistical techniques such as “there is no significant effect of religious and cultural restrictions on sports participation among the students of secondary schools in  KP was tested through SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION. “There is no significant difference between the views of male and female respondents regarding the effect of religious and cultural restrictions upon students sports participation†was tested through t-test. There is no significant difference between the views of the respondent category-wise (teachers, parents and Head of the Institutions (HOIs) were tested through ANOVA. The population of this particular study comprised Teachers, HOIs, and parents in the province of KP, Pakistan. The researcher used multistage sampling techniques for the selection of sample. For the purpose of data collection, the researcher developed a Likert type questionnaire comprising 36 questions related to all aspects of the study. The result of this research study indicated that religious and cultural restrictions affect the participation of students in secondary schools of KP, Pakistan

EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE PROTOCOL ON HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN HDL LEVEL AMONG YOUNG ADULTS; AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Purpose: Exercise has paramount significant in the life of individuals. But unfortunately, very few studies have been conducted in Pakistan regarding the effects of exercise upon HDL level. Therefore, the present study was subjected to evaluate the effects of six (06) weeks supervised aerobic exerciseprotocol on High Density Lipoprotein among young adults aged between 35-40 years. Materials: Twenty-Four (24) volunteer untrained young adults from within the Bannu City and allied areas were selected as subjects’ age range between 35- 40 years. Keeping into consideration, the present study was supported with pre and post experimental research method. The six (06) weeks aerobic exercise protocol was used to collect relevant data on the selected dependent variable. The High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) of the subjects were measured with the help of CHOD PAP method. The results were than recorded in figures. The pre and post test data on the selected criterion variables were collected by administering the test as per the standardized procedures before and after the six weeks of the training program. Results: After the aerobic exercise protocol, the subjects of CG exhibited no significant difference in HDL (P>0.05). According to the analyzed data, the P=value was recorded as .709 that is higher than the standard value of 0.05. Upon these data, the researcher found that after the aerobic exercise protocol, no significant difference between exhibited between pre- and post-intervention quantities of HDL of Experimental Group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the analyzed data, it can be interpreted that aerobic exercise helped in increasing HDL of Experimental Group. The increase in HLD is considered as good because the increase in HDL helps in preventing the heart valves from stroke and heart attack

189 ID Design

Abbreviations: ESRD = End Stage Renal Disease; S = Sex; D = Diabetes; H = Hypertension; O = Obstructive Nephropathy; G = Glomerulonephritis; Pk = Polycystic kidney diseases; M = Myeloma; SLE = SLE nephritis; A = Anemia; Hd = Heredity; Ht = Hepatitis; Ed = Excess use of drug; Hp = Heart problem; β = coefficient; Exp (β) = e β = odd ratio; S.E = Standard Error; Wald = Wald Statistic; df = degree of freedom; Sig = p-value. Abstract BACKGROUND: End Stage Renal Failure (ESRD) is the last stage of the chronic renal failure in which kidneys become completely fail to function

Acute hypotensive and diuretic activities of Berberis vulgaris root bark aqueous extract in normal rats

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous administration of Berberis vulgaris root bark aqueous extract (BRBD) on the cardiovascular and renal functions of healthy normotensive rats. The different doses of BRBD 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg were administered intravenously (i.v) in normal rats. Blood pressure, diuretic activity and serum renal profile were analyzed. Intravenous injection of BRBD at the different doses of 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg showed a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (